open

Open stuff like URLs, files, executables. Cross-platform.

This is meant to be used in command-line tools and scripts, not in the browser.

If you need this for Electron, use shell.openPath() instead.

This package does not make any security guarantees. If you pass in untrusted input, it's up to you to properly sanitize it.

Why?

Actively maintained.
Supports app arguments.
Safer as it uses spawn instead of exec.
Fixes most of the original node-open issues.
Includes the latest xdg-open script for Linux.
Supports WSL paths to Windows apps.

Install

npm install open

Warning: This package is native ESM and no longer provides a CommonJS export. If your project uses CommonJS, you will have to convert to ESM or use the dynamic import() function. Please don't open issues for questions regarding CommonJS / ESM.

Usage

import open, {openApp, apps} from 'open';

// Opens the image in the default image viewer and waits for the opened app to quit.
await open('unicorn.png', {wait: true});
console.log('The image viewer app quit');

// Opens the URL in the default browser.
await open('https://sindresorhus.com');

// Opens the URL in a specified browser.
await open('https://sindresorhus.com', {app: {name: 'firefox'}});

// Specify app arguments.
await open('https://sindresorhus.com', {app: {name: 'google chrome', arguments: ['--incognito']}});

// Opens the URL in the default browser in incognito mode.
await open('https://sindresorhus.com', {app: {name: apps.browserPrivate}});

// Open an app.
await openApp('xcode');

// Open an app with arguments.
await openApp(apps.chrome, {arguments: ['--incognito']});

API

It uses the command open on macOS, start on Windows and xdg-open on other platforms.

open(target, options?)

Returns a promise for the spawned child process. You would normally not need to use this for anything, but it can be useful if you'd like to attach custom event listeners or perform other operations directly on the spawned process.

target

Type: string

The thing you want to open. Can be a URL, file, or executable.

Opens in the default app for the file type. For example, URLs opens in your default browser.

options

Type: object

wait

Type: boolean
Default: false

Wait for the opened app to exit before fulfilling the promise. If false it's fulfilled immediately when opening the app.

Note that it waits for the app to exit, not just for the window to close.

On Windows, you have to explicitly specify an app for it to be able to wait.

Warning

When opening URLs in browsers while the browser is already running, the wait option will not work as expected. Browsers use a single-instance architecture where new URLs are passed to the existing process, causing the command to exit immediately. Use the newInstance option on macOS to force a new browser instance, or avoid using wait with browsers.

background ^{(macOS only)}

Type: boolean
Default: false

Do not bring the app to the foreground.

newInstance ^{(macOS only)}

Type: boolean
Default: false

Open a new instance of the app even it's already running.

A new instance is always opened on other platforms.

app

Type: {name: string | string[], arguments?: string[]} | Array<{name: string | string[], arguments: string[]}>

Specify the name of the app to open the target with, and optionally, app arguments. app can be an array of apps to try to open and name can be an array of app names to try. If each app fails, the last error will be thrown.

The app name is platform dependent. Don't hard code it in reusable modules. For example, Chrome is google chrome on macOS, google-chrome on Linux and chrome on Windows. If possible, use apps which auto-detects the correct binary to use.

You may also pass in the app's full path. For example on WSL, this can be /mnt/c/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe for the Windows installation of Chrome.

The app arguments are app dependent. Check the app's documentation for what arguments it accepts.

allowNonzeroExitCode

Type: boolean
Default: false

Allow the opened app to exit with nonzero exit code when the wait option is true.

We do not recommend setting this option. The convention for success is exit code zero.

openApp(name, options?)

Open an app.

Returns a promise for the spawned child process. You would normally not need to use this for anything, but it can be useful if you'd like to attach custom event listeners or perform other operations directly on the spawned process.

name

Type: string

The app name is platform dependent. Don't hard code it in reusable modules. For example, Chrome is google chrome on macOS, google-chrome on Linux and chrome on Windows. If possible, use apps which auto-detects the correct binary to use.

You may also pass in the app's full path. For example on WSL, this can be /mnt/c/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe for the Windows installation of Chrome.

options

Type: object

Same options as open except app and with the following additions:

arguments

Type: string[]
Default: []

Arguments passed to the app.

These arguments are app dependent. Check the app's documentation for what arguments it accepts.

apps

An object containing auto-detected binary names for common apps. Useful to work around cross-platform differences.

import open, {apps} from 'open';

await open('https://google.com', {
	app: {
		name: apps.chrome
	}
});

browser and browserPrivate can also be used to access the user's default browser through default-browser.

Supported apps

chrome - Web browser
firefox - Web browser
edge - Web browser
brave - Web browser
browser - Default web browser
browserPrivate - Default web browser in incognito mode

browser and browserPrivate only supports chrome, firefox, edge, and brave.

WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux)

The package automatically uses Windows integration (PowerShell) when available, and falls back to xdg-open if PowerShell is inaccessible (e.g., sandboxed environments).

To use Linux GUI apps instead:

await open('https://example.com', {app: {name: 'xdg-open'}});

Related

open-cli - CLI for this module
open-editor - Open files in your editor at a specific line and column
reveal-file - Reveal a file in the system file manager