Best of JS • Execa

Process execution for humans

^{Sindre's open source work is supported by the community}

^{Special thanks to:}

Execa runs commands in your script, application or library. Unlike shells, it is optimized for programmatic usage. Built on top of the child_process core module.

One of the maintainers @ehmicky is looking for a remote full-time position. Specialized in Node.js back-ends and CLIs, he led Netlify Build, Plugins and Configuration for 2.5 years. Feel free to contact him on his website or on LinkedIn!

Features

Simple syntax: promises and template strings, like zx.
Script interface.
No escaping nor quoting needed. No risk of shell injection.
Execute locally installed binaries without npx.
Improved Windows support: shebangs, PATHEXT, graceful termination, and more.
Detailed errors, verbose mode and custom logging, for debugging.
Pipe multiple subprocesses better than in shells: retrieve intermediate results, use multiple sources/destinations, unpipe.
Split the output into text lines, or iterate progressively over them.
Strip unnecessary newlines.
Pass any input to the subprocess: files, strings, Uint8Arrays, iterables, objects and almost any other type.
Return almost any type from the subprocess, or redirect it to files.
Get interleaved output from stdout and stderr similar to what is printed on the terminal.
Retrieve the output programmatically and print it on the console at the same time.
Transform or filter the input and output with simple functions.
Pass Node.js streams or web streams to subprocesses, or convert subprocesses to a stream.
Exchange messages with the subprocess.
Ensure subprocesses exit even when they intercept termination signals, or when the current process ends abruptly.

Install

npm install execa

Documentation

Execution:

Input/output:

🎹 Input
📢 Output
📃 Text lines
🤖 Binary data
🧙 Transforms

Advanced usage:

Examples

Execution

Simple syntax

import {execa} from 'execa';

const {stdout} = await execa`npm run build`;
// Print command's output
console.log(stdout);

Script

import {$} from 'execa';

const {stdout: name} = await $`cat package.json`.pipe`grep name`;
console.log(name);

const branch = await $`git branch --show-current`;
await $`dep deploy --branch=${branch}`;

await Promise.all([
	$`sleep 1`,
	$`sleep 2`,
	$`sleep 3`,
]);

const directoryName = 'foo bar';
await $`mkdir /tmp/${directoryName}`;

Local binaries

$ npm install -D eslint

await execa({preferLocal: true})`eslint`;

Pipe multiple subprocesses

const {stdout, pipedFrom} = await execa`npm run build`
	.pipe`sort`
	.pipe`head -n 2`;

// Output of `npm run build | sort | head -n 2`
console.log(stdout);
// Output of `npm run build | sort`
console.log(pipedFrom[0].stdout);
// Output of `npm run build`
console.log(pipedFrom[0].pipedFrom[0].stdout);

Input/output

Interleaved output

const {all} = await execa({all: true})`npm run build`;
// stdout + stderr, interleaved
console.log(all);

Programmatic + terminal output

const {stdout} = await execa({stdout: ['pipe', 'inherit']})`npm run build`;
// stdout is also printed to the terminal
console.log(stdout);

Simple input

const getInputString = () => { /* ... */ };
const {stdout} = await execa({input: getInputString()})`sort`;
console.log(stdout);

File input

// Similar to: npm run build < input.txt
await execa({stdin: {file: 'input.txt'}})`npm run build`;

File output

// Similar to: npm run build > output.txt
await execa({stdout: {file: 'output.txt'}})`npm run build`;

Split into text lines

const {stdout} = await execa({lines: true})`npm run build`;
// Print first 10 lines
console.log(stdout.slice(0, 10).join('\n'));

Streaming

Iterate over text lines

for await (const line of execa`npm run build`) {
	if (line.includes('WARN')) {
		console.warn(line);
	}
}

Transform/filter output

let count = 0;

// Filter out secret lines, then prepend the line number
const transform = function * (line) {
	if (!line.includes('secret')) {
		yield `[${count++}] ${line}`;
	}
};

await execa({stdout: transform})`npm run build`;

Web streams

const response = await fetch('https://example.com');
await execa({stdin: response.body})`sort`;

Convert to Duplex stream

import {execa} from 'execa';
import {pipeline} from 'node:stream/promises';
import {createReadStream, createWriteStream} from 'node:fs';

await pipeline(
	createReadStream('./input.txt'),
	execa`node ./transform.js`.duplex(),
	createWriteStream('./output.txt'),
);

IPC

Exchange messages

// parent.js
import {execaNode} from 'execa';

const subprocess = execaNode`child.js`;
await subprocess.sendMessage('Hello from parent');
const message = await subprocess.getOneMessage();
console.log(message); // 'Hello from child'

// child.js
import {getOneMessage, sendMessage} from 'execa';

const message = await getOneMessage(); // 'Hello from parent'
const newMessage = message.replace('parent', 'child'); // 'Hello from child'
await sendMessage(newMessage);

Any input type

// main.js
import {execaNode} from 'execa';

const ipcInput = [
	{task: 'lint', ignore: /test\.js/},
	{task: 'copy', files: new Set(['main.js', 'index.js']),
}];
await execaNode({ipcInput})`build.js`;

// build.js
import {getOneMessage} from 'execa';

const ipcInput = await getOneMessage();

Any output type

// main.js
import {execaNode} from 'execa';

const {ipcOutput} = await execaNode`build.js`;
console.log(ipcOutput[0]); // {kind: 'start', timestamp: date}
console.log(ipcOutput[1]); // {kind: 'stop', timestamp: date}

// build.js
import {sendMessage} from 'execa';

const runBuild = () => { /* ... */ };

await sendMessage({kind: 'start', timestamp: new Date()});
await runBuild();
await sendMessage({kind: 'stop', timestamp: new Date()});

Graceful termination

// main.js
import {execaNode} from 'execa';

const controller = new AbortController();
setTimeout(() => {
	controller.abort();
}, 5000);

await execaNode({
	cancelSignal: controller.signal,
	gracefulCancel: true,
})`build.js`;

// build.js
import {getCancelSignal} from 'execa';

const cancelSignal = await getCancelSignal();
const url = 'https://example.com/build/info';
const response = await fetch(url, {signal: cancelSignal});

Debugging

Detailed error

import {execa, ExecaError} from 'execa';

try {
	await execa`unknown command`;
} catch (error) {
	if (error instanceof ExecaError) {
		console.log(error);
	}
	/*
	ExecaError: Command failed with ENOENT: unknown command
	spawn unknown ENOENT
			at ...
			at ... {
		shortMessage: 'Command failed with ENOENT: unknown command\nspawn unknown ENOENT',
		originalMessage: 'spawn unknown ENOENT',
		command: 'unknown command',
		escapedCommand: 'unknown command',
		cwd: '/path/to/cwd',
		durationMs: 28.217566,
		failed: true,
		timedOut: false,
		isCanceled: false,
		isTerminated: false,
		isMaxBuffer: false,
		code: 'ENOENT',
		stdout: '',
		stderr: '',
		stdio: [undefined, '', ''],
		pipedFrom: []
		[cause]: Error: spawn unknown ENOENT
				at ...
				at ... {
			errno: -2,
			code: 'ENOENT',
			syscall: 'spawn unknown',
			path: 'unknown',
			spawnargs: [ 'command' ]
		}
	}
	*/
}

Verbose mode

await execa`npm run build`;
await execa`npm run test`;

Custom logging

import {execa as execa_} from 'execa';
import {createLogger, transports} from 'winston';

// Log to a file using Winston
const transport = new transports.File({filename: 'logs.txt'});
const logger = createLogger({transports: [transport]});
const LOG_LEVELS = {
	command: 'info',
	output: 'verbose',
	ipc: 'verbose',
	error: 'error',
	duration: 'info',
};

const execa = execa_({
	verbose(verboseLine, {message, ...verboseObject}) {
		const level = LOG_LEVELS[verboseObject.type];
		logger[level](message, verboseObject);
	},
});

await execa`npm run build`;
await execa`npm run test`;

gulp-execa - Gulp plugin for Execa
nvexeca - Run Execa using any Node.js version

Maintainers

import {$} from 'execa'; const {stdout: name} = await $`cat package.json`.pipe`grep name`; console.log(name); const branch = await $`git branch --show-current`; await $`dep deploy --branch=${branch}`; await Promise.all([ $`sleep 1`, $`sleep 2`, $`sleep 3`, ]); const directoryName = 'foo bar'; await $`mkdir /tmp/${directoryName}`;

const {stdout, pipedFrom} = await execa`npm run build` .pipe`sort` .pipe`head -n 2`; // Output of `npm run build | sort | head -n 2` console.log(stdout); // Output of `npm run build | sort` console.log(pipedFrom[0].stdout); // Output of `npm run build` console.log(pipedFrom[0].pipedFrom[0].stdout);

import {execa} from 'execa'; import {pipeline} from 'node:stream/promises'; import {createReadStream, createWriteStream} from 'node:fs'; await pipeline( createReadStream('./input.txt'), execa`node ./transform.js`.duplex(), createWriteStream('./output.txt'), );

// parent.js import {execaNode} from 'execa'; const subprocess = execaNode`child.js`; await subprocess.sendMessage('Hello from parent'); const message = await subprocess.getOneMessage(); console.log(message); // 'Hello from child'

// child.js import {getOneMessage, sendMessage} from 'execa'; const message = await getOneMessage(); // 'Hello from parent' const newMessage = message.replace('parent', 'child'); // 'Hello from child' await sendMessage(newMessage);

// main.js import {execaNode} from 'execa'; const ipcInput = [ {task: 'lint', ignore: /test\.js/}, {task: 'copy', files: new Set(['main.js', 'index.js']), }]; await execaNode({ipcInput})`build.js`;

// main.js import {execaNode} from 'execa'; const {ipcOutput} = await execaNode`build.js`; console.log(ipcOutput[0]); // {kind: 'start', timestamp: date} console.log(ipcOutput[1]); // {kind: 'stop', timestamp: date}

// build.js import {sendMessage} from 'execa'; const runBuild = () => { /* ... */ }; await sendMessage({kind: 'start', timestamp: new Date()}); await runBuild(); await sendMessage({kind: 'stop', timestamp: new Date()});

// main.js import {execaNode} from 'execa'; const controller = new AbortController(); setTimeout(() => { controller.abort(); }, 5000); await execaNode({ cancelSignal: controller.signal, gracefulCancel: true, })`build.js`;

// build.js import {getCancelSignal} from 'execa'; const cancelSignal = await getCancelSignal(); const url = 'https://example.com/build/info'; const response = await fetch(url, {signal: cancelSignal});

import {execa, ExecaError} from 'execa'; try { await execa`unknown command`; } catch (error) { if (error instanceof ExecaError) { console.log(error); } /* ExecaError: Command failed with ENOENT: unknown command spawn unknown ENOENT at ... at ... { shortMessage: 'Command failed with ENOENT: unknown command\nspawn unknown ENOENT', originalMessage: 'spawn unknown ENOENT', command: 'unknown command', escapedCommand: 'unknown command', cwd: '/path/to/cwd', durationMs: 28.217566, failed: true, timedOut: false, isCanceled: false, isTerminated: false, isMaxBuffer: false, code: 'ENOENT', stdout: '', stderr: '', stdio: [undefined, '', ''], pipedFrom: [] [cause]: Error: spawn unknown ENOENT at ... at ... { errno: -2, code: 'ENOENT', syscall: 'spawn unknown', path: 'unknown', spawnargs: [ 'command' ] } } */ }

import {execa as execa_} from 'execa'; import {createLogger, transports} from 'winston'; // Log to a file using Winston const transport = new transports.File({filename: 'logs.txt'}); const logger = createLogger({transports: [transport]}); const LOG_LEVELS = { command: 'info', output: 'verbose', ipc: 'verbose', error: 'error', duration: 'info', }; const execa = execa_({ verbose(verboseLine, {message, ...verboseObject}) { const level = LOG_LEVELS[verboseObject.type]; logger[level](message, verboseObject); }, }); await execa`npm run build`; await execa`npm run test`;

Execa

Features

Install

Documentation

Examples

Execution

Simple syntax

Script

Local binaries

Pipe multiple subprocesses

Input/output

Interleaved output

Programmatic + terminal output

Simple input

File input

File output

Split into text lines

Streaming

Iterate over text lines

Transform/filter output

Web streams

Convert to Duplex stream

IPC

Exchange messages

Any input type

Any output type

Graceful termination

Debugging

Detailed error

Verbose mode

Custom logging

Related

Maintainers

Features

Install

Documentation

Examples

Execution

Simple syntax

Script

Local binaries

Pipe multiple subprocesses

Input/output

Interleaved output

Programmatic + terminal output

Simple input

File input

File output

Split into text lines

Streaming

Iterate over text lines

Transform/filter output

Web streams

Convert to Duplex stream

IPC

Exchange messages

Any input type

Any output type

Graceful termination

Debugging

Detailed error

Verbose mode

Custom logging

Related

Maintainers